Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
front:intro m2jl 0 # Pengantar surat Titus\n\n## Bagian 1: Pengenalan Umum\n\n### Garis besar surat Titus\n\n1. Paulus memerintahkan Titus untuk menunjuk pemimpin yang saleh. (1:1–16)\n2. Paulus memerintahkan Titus agar melatih orang-orang untuk menjalani kehidupan yang saleh. (2:1–3:11)\n3. Paulus mengakhiri dengan membagikan beberapa rencananya dan mengirimkan salam kepada berbagai orang percaya. (3:12–15)\n\n### Siapa yang menulis surat Titus?\n\nPaulus adalah yang menulis surat Titus. Paulus berasal dari kota Tarsus. Dia telah dikenal dengan nama Saulus di awal kehidupannya. Sebelum menjadi orang percaya, Paulus adalah seorang Farisi. Dia menganiaya orang-orang percaya. Setelah dia menjadi orang percaya, dia melakukan perjalanan beberapa kali ke seluruh Kekaisaran Romawi, memberitakan tentang Yesus kepada orang-orang.\n\n### Apa isi surat Titus?\n\nPaulus menulis surat ini kepada Titus, rekan sekerjanya, yang memimpin gereja-gereja di Pulau Kreta. Paulus memberi instruksi kepadanya tentang pememilihan pemimpin gereja. Paulus juga menjelaskan bagaimana orang-orang percaya harus bersikap terhadap satu sama lain. Ia juga mendorong mereka semua untuk hidup dengan cara yang menyenangkan Tuhan.\n\n### Bagaimana seharusnya menerjemahkan judul buku ini?\n\nPara penerjemah dapat memilih untuk menyebut buku ini dengan judul tradisionalnya, yaitu “Titus.” Atau mereka dapat memilih judul yang lebih jelas, seperti “Surat Paulus kepada Titus” atau “Surat kepada Titus.” (Lihat: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n## Bagian 2: Konsep Penting tentang Keagamaan dan Budaya\n\n### Peran apa saja yang dapat dilakukan oleh orang-orang di dalam pelayanan gereja?\n\nAda beberapa ajaran dalam surat Titus tentang apakah seorang perempuan atau laki-laki yang telah bercerai dapat menduduki posisi kepemimpinan dalam gereja. Para ahli berbeda pendapat mengenai makna ajaran tersebut. Studi lebih lanjut mengenai permasalahan ini mungkin diperlukan sebelum menerjemahkan buku ini.\n\n## Bagian 3: Masalah Penerjemahan Penting\n\n### Tunggal dan jamak **kamu**\n\nDalam buku ini, kata **Saya** menunjuk pada Paulus. Selain itu, kata **kamu** hampir selalu berbentuk tunggal dan menunjuk pada Titus. Pengecualian untuk ini adalah di pasal 3:15. (Lihat [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### Apa arti **Allah Juruselamat kita**?\n\nIni adalah ungkapan yang umum dalam surat ini. Paulus bermaksud membuat para pembaca berpikir tentang bagaimana Allah mengampuni mereka di dalam Kristus karena berdosa kepda Dia, dan dengan mengampuni mereka, Dia menyelamatkan mereka dari hukuman saat Dia menghakimi semua orang. Ungkapan serupa dalam surat ini adalah **Allah dan Juruselamat kita yang agung, Yesus Kristus**.
1:intro c7me 0 # Titus 1 Catatan-catatan Umum\n\n## Struktur dan Susunan\n\nPaulus secara resmi memperkenalkan surat ini dalam ayat 1–4. Para penulis sering mengawali surat dengan cara ini di Timur Dekat kuno.\n\nDalam ayat 6–9, Paulus menyebutkan beberapa sifat yang harus dimiliki seseorang jika dia ingin menjadi penatua di gereja. (Lihat: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns) Paulus memberikan daftar serupa dalam 1 Timotius 3.\n\n## Konsep Khusus dalam Bab ini\n\n### Para Penetua\n\nGereja telah menggunakan gelar yang berbeda untuk para pemimpin gereja. Beberapa gelar termasuk penilik, penatua, pendeta, dan uskup.\n\n## Kemungkinan Kesulitan Penerjemahan Lainnya dalam Bab ini\n\n### Harus, mungkin, harus\n\nULT menggunakan kata-kata berbeda yang menunjukkan persyaratan atau kewajiban. Kata kerja ini memiliki tingkat kekuatan berbeda yang terkait dengannya. Perbedaan kecil mungkin sulit untuk diterjemahkan. UST menerjemahkan kata kerja ini dengan cara yang lebih umum.\n\n\n
1:1 rtc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns κατὰ πίστιν ἐκλεκτῶν Θεοῦ καὶ ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας 1 Kata **iman**, **pengetahuan**, dan **kebenaran** merupakan kata benda abstrak. Jika ide tersebut lebih jelas dalam bahasa Anda, Anda dapat mengungkapkan ide tersebut dengan cara lain. Terjemahan lain: “untuk menolong umat pilihan Tuhan agar terus mempercayai Dia dan mengetahui segala hal yang benar”
1:1 xrtm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐκλεκτῶν Θεοῦ 1 Jika bahasa Anda tidak menggunakan bentuk pasif ini, Anda dapat mengungkapkan gagasan tersebut dalam bentuk aktif atau dengan cara lain yang wajar dalam bahasa Anda. Terjemahan lain: “dari umat yang dipilih Allah”
1:1 tn97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας 1 Paulus mengabaikan beberapa kata yang dalam banyak bahasa dibutuhkan sebuah kalimat agar menjadi lengkap. Anda dapat memberikan kata-kata ini di awal kalimat jika hal ini membuat lebih jelas dalam bahasa Anda. Terjemahan lain: “dan agar mereka mengetahui kebenaran” atau “supaya umat pilihan Allah mengetahui kebenaran”
1:1 fyf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς κατ’ εὐσέβειαν 1 Di sini, **kesalehan** adalah kata benda abstrak yang menunjuk pada hidup dengan cara yang menyenangkan Tuhan. Terjemahan lain: “yang sesuai untuk memuliakan Tuhan”
1:2 xyz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ζωῆς αἰωνίου 1 Di sini **pengharapan** dapat dihubungkan dengan: (1) **kesalehan**, artinya jika kita hidup berkenan kepada Allah, kita akan memiliki pengharapan akan kehidupan kekal. Terjemahan lain: “yang memberi kita harapan pasti akan kehidupan abadi” atau (2) **pengetahuan tentang kebenaran**, artinya harapan akan hidup kekal ini adalah bagian dari kebenaran, dan bahwa mengetahui kebenaran memberi harapan akan hidup kekal . Terjemahan lain: “dan itu mengajarkan kita untuk mengharapkan kehidupan kekal”
1:2 u0gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ζωῆς αἰωνίου 1 Jika bahasa Anda tidak menggunakan kata benda abstrak untuk kata **harapan**, Anda dapat mengungkapkan gagasan yang sama dengan cara lain. Terjemahan lain: “yang menuntun kita dengan yakin untuk mengharapkan kehidupan kekal”
1:2 vyuu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives ὁ ἀψευδὴς Θεὸς 1 Jika ini membuat lebih jelas dalam bahasa Anda, Anda dapat menggunakan ungkapan positif di sini daripada ungkapan negatif ganda ini. Terjemahan lain: “Allah yang sepenuhnya dapat dipercaya”
1:3 b22h καιροῖς ἰδίοις 1 Terjemahan lain: “pada waktu yang tepat”
1:3 swi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐφανέρωσεν & τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ 1 Paulus berbicara tentang firman Tuhan seolah-olah firman itu adalah sebuah objek yang dapat diperlihatkan secara kasat mata kepada orang-orang. Terjemahan lain: “dia membuatku memahami firman-Nya”
1:3 abc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν κηρύγματι 1 Paulus beranggapan bahwa para pembacanya akan memahami bahwa kata **pemberitaan** merujuk pada berita Injil Yesus Kristus. Anda dapat memasukkan keterangan ini jika itu berguna bagi pembaca Anda. Terjemahan lain: “melalui pemberitaan kabar baik tentang Yesus”
1:3 m41u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὃ ἐπιστεύθην ἐγὼ 1 Jika bahasa Anda tidak menggunakan bentuk pasif ini, Anda dapat menyatakannya dalam bentuk aktif. Terjemahan lain: “orang yang dipercayakan kepadaku” atau “orang yang telah memberikan tanggung-jawab kepadaku untuk memberitakan”
1:3 xy18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 Di sini, **kita** termasuk Paulus, Titus, dan semua orang percaya.
1:4 gu55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor γνησίῳ τέκνῳ 1 Meskipun Titus bukan **anak kandung** Paulus, dia memiliki iman yang sama kepada Kristus. Paulus menganggap bahwa hubungan dengan Kristus melalui iman lebih penting daripada hubungan biologis. Oleh karena itu, karena usianya yang relatif muda dan iman mereka yang sama kepada Kristus, Paulus menganggap Titus sebagai anaknya sendiri. Mungkin juga bahwa Paulus adalah yang menuntun Titus untuk beriman kepada Kristus, sehingga Titus seperti seorang anak dalam pengertian rohani. Terjemahan lain: “seperti seorang anak bagiku”
1:4 wx6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns κατὰ κοινὴν πίστιν 1 Paulus dan Titus sama-sama memiliki **iman** yang sama kepada Kristus. Jika bahasa Anda tidak menggunakan kata benda abstrak untuk kata **iman**, Anda dapat mengungkapkan gagasan yang sama dengan cara lain. Terjemahan lain: “karena kami berdua sama-sama percaya kepada Yesus Kristus”
1:4 h93t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη 1 Ini adalah sapaan yang umum yang digunakan Paulus. Dia menghilangkan beberapa kata yang dalam banyak bahasa dibutuhkan sebuah kalimat agar menjadi lengkap. Anda dapat menambahkan kata-kata ini jika membuat lebih jelas dalam bahasa Anda. Terjemahan lain: “Semoga kamu merasakan kasih karunia dan damai sejahtera”
1:4 vft3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν 1 Jika bahasa Anda tidak menggunakan kata benda abstrak untuk kata **Kasih karunia** dan **damai sejahtera**, Anda dapat mengungkapkan gagasan yang sama dengan cara lain. Terjemahan lain: “Semoga Allah Bapa dan Kristus Yesus Juru Selamat kita mengasihani kamu dan memberikan kepadamu roh damai sejahtera”
1:4 s3yr Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν 1 Terjemahan lain: “Kristus Yesus yang adalah Juruselamat kita”
1:4 xy17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 Di sini, **kita** termasuk Paulus, Titus, dan semua orang percaya
1:5 ew8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal τούτου χάριν 1 The phrase **For this purpose** introduces the goal that Paul wanted to accomplish when he left Titus in Crete (to ordain elders in the church). Use a phrase in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation: “This is why”
1:5 lh9b ἀπέλιπόν σε ἐν Κρήτῃ 1 Alternate translation: “I told you to stay in Crete”
1:5 ga62 ἵνα τὰ λείποντα ἐπιδιορθώσῃ 1 Alternate translation: “so that you would finish arranging things that needed to be done”
1:6 jen8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἴ τίς ἐστιν ἀνέγκλητος 1 This is the beginning of the description of the character of an elder. Paul assumes that Titus understands that he is to choose men who fit the following description. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “an elder must be blameless” or “any man you choose to be an elder must be without blame”
1:6 ab70 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives ἀνέγκλητος 1 To be **blameless** is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this positively. Alternate translation: “a person who has a good reputation”
1:6 q6uy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ 1 This means that he has only **one wife**; that is, he does not have any other wives or concubines. This also means that he does not commit adultery and may also mean that he has not divorced a previous wife. Alternate translation: “a man who has only one woman” or “a man who is faithful to his wife”
1:6 wd6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τέκνα & πιστά 1 This could refer to: (1) children who believe in Jesus. Alternate translation: “children who are faithful to God” (2) children who are trustworthy. Alternate translation: “children who are honest”
1:7 lz7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸν ἐπίσκοπον 1 The word **overseer** is another name for the same position of spiritual leadership that Paul referred to as “elder” in 1:5. This term focuses on the function of the elder: he oversees the activities and people of the church. Alternate translation: “an elder in charge of God's people”
1:7 g2zf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Θεοῦ οἰκονόμον 1 Paul speaks of the church as if it were God’s **household**, and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing that household. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person in charge of taking care of God's church”
1:7 d6l1 μὴ πάροινον 1 Alternate translation: “not an alcoholic” or “not one who drinks much wine”
1:7 j1qq μὴ πλήκτην 1 Alternate translation: “not one who is violent” or “not one who likes to fight”
1:8 i549 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast between the things that an elder is not to be (that Paul already stated), and the things that an elder is to be (that Paul is about to state). Indicate this contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “In contrast”
1:8 vkq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor φιλάγαθον 1 Here Paul is speaking of **what is good** as if it were a person who could be someone's **friend**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person who loves to do good things”
1:8 xy11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet σώφρονα & ἐγκρατῆ 1 The terms **sensible** and **self-controlled** are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms.
1:8 xy12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet δίκαιον, ὅσιον 1 The terms **righteous** and **holy** are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms.
1:9 xwy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀντεχόμενον 1 Paul speaks of devotion to the Christian faith as if it were grasping the faith with one’s hands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different metaphor or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He must carefully follow” or “He must be devoted to”
1:9 xy10 κατὰ τὴν διδαχὴν 1 Alternate translation: “that agrees with the things that we taught him”
1:9 abcj rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 The connecting words **so that** introduce a goal or purpose relationship. The purpose for the elder to hold tightly to the trustworthy message is for him to be able to encourage others and rebuke those who oppose him. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is a purpose. Alternate translation: “because in this way”
1:9 pzi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ 1 The word translated here as **sound** normally refers to being physically healthy. Paul is speaking of this **teaching** as if it were a living thing that could be healthy or sick. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “correct teaching”
1:10 w9kk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ματαιολόγοι 1 Here, **empty** is a metaphor for useless, and **empty talkers** are people who say useless or foolish things. Alternate translation: “people who say useless things”
1:10 ga6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown φρεναπάται 1 The word **deceivers** describes people who are actively trying to convince people to believe in something other than the true gospel that Paul preaches. Alternate translation: “people who convince others to believe things that are not true”
1:10 abcd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys ματαιολόγοι, καὶ φρεναπάται 1 Both **empty talkers** and **deceivers** refer to the same people, those who are also **rebellious**. Those people taught false, worthless things and wanted other people to believe them. Alternate translation: “people who say wrong things so that others will believe things that are not true”
1:10 pu74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς 1 Here, **circumcision** represents the Jewish believers who taught that men must be circumcised in order to please God. This teaching is false. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the ones who teach that men must be circumcised in order to please God”
1:11 f4iy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὓς δεῖ ἐπιστομίζειν 1 The implication is that these people must be stopped from teaching. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “You must prevent them from spreading their false teachings” or “Someone must stop them from deceiving others by their words”
1:11 aqi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὅλους οἴκους ἀνατρέπουσιν 1 The issue was that they were leading families away from the truth and destroying their faith. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “are ruining the faith of entire families”
1:11 at7c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit αἰσχροῦ κέρδους χάριν 1 Here Paul refers to **profit** as **shameful**, meaning that the activity of accepting money for teaching wrong things brings shame on the teacher. Consider how to express this in your language. Alternate translation: “and increasing their shame by taking money for it”
1:12 tr1j τις ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἴδιος αὐτῶν προφήτης 1 Alternate translation: “A Cretan, one that they themselves consider to be a prophet”
1:12 y3zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται 1 The word **always** here is an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “Cretans have a reputation to be liars” or “Cretans tend to be liars”
1:12 h3jb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor κακὰ θηρία 1 This metaphor is speaking of **Cretans** as if they were **evil beasts**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as dangerous as wild animals”
1:12 xyz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche γαστέρες ἀργαί 1 Here the part of the body that stores food is used to represent the person who eats all the time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “lazy gluttons” or “lazy people who just want to eat”
1:13 fif8 δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ἔλεγχε αὐτοὺς ἀποτόμως 1 Alternate translation: “For that reason, you must use strong language that the Cretans will understand when you correct them”
1:13 abck rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν 1 The connecting words **For this reason** introduce a reason-result relationship. The reason is that what the Cretan prophet said about his people is true (they are liars, evil, and lazy), and the result is that Titus should rebuke them severely for behaving that way. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Therefore”
1:13 dlgr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοὺς 1 Here the pronoun **them** could refer to: (1) the Cretan believers in general. This seems likely since the **testimony** is about all Cretans, and verse 14 says that they should not pay attention to “commands of people turning away from the truth.” In other words, they should not pay attention to the false teachers. Alternate translation: “the Cretan believers” or (2) the Cretan false teachers. In this case, verse 14 would be telling the false teachers not to pay attention to other false teachers. Alternate translation: “the false teachers”
1:13 je3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἵνα ὑγιαίνωσιν ἐν τῇ πίστει 1 See note on **sound** in [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1). Alternate translation: “so they will have a healthy faith” or “so their faith may be true” or “so that they believe only what is true about God”
1:13 abcl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Here, **so that** marks being **sound in the faith**, as well as what follows in verse 14, as the goal or purpose of rebuking the Cretans. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
1:13 xyz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ πίστει 1 Here the abstract noun **faith** represents the things that the people believe about God. Alternate translation: “in what they believe about God”
1:14 p28i Ἰουδαϊκοῖς μύθοις 1 Alternate translation: “false teaching of the Jews”
1:14 m4a5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀποστρεφομένων τὴν ἀλήθειαν 1 Paul speaks of the truth as if it were an object that one could turn away from or avoid. Alternate translation: “who reject the truth”
1:15 qtb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs πάντα καθαρὰ τοῖς καθαροῖς 1 Here, Paul uses or invents a proverb in order to teach that being pure or pleasing to God is a matter of a person's inward thoughts, not a matter of outward actions or rituals. Translate this proverb in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “If people are pure on the inside, everything that they do will be pure” or “When people have only good thoughts, nothing that they do will offend God”
1:15 nx42 τοῖς καθαροῖς 1 Alternate translation: “to those who are acceptable to God”
1:15 abcn rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast between people who are pure and people who are corrupt and unbelieving. Indicate this contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “However,”
1:15 n3wk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῖς δὲ μεμιαμμένοις καὶ ἀπίστοις, οὐδὲν καθαρόν 1 Paul speaks of sinners as if they were physically corrupted or dirty. Alternate translation: “But if people are morally defiled and do not believe, they cannot do anything pure” or “But when people are full of sin and unbelief, nothing that they do is acceptable to God”
1:16 abco rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast between what these corrupt people say (that they know God) and what their actions show (that they do not know God). Indicate this contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nevertheless,”
1:16 i3l2 τοῖς & ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται 1 Alternate translation: “how they live proves that they do not know him”
2:intro h3il 0 # Titus 2 Catatan Umum\n\nPaulus meneruskan dengan memberikan beberapa alasan kepada Titus untuk memberitakan firman Allah, dan menjelaskan bagaimana para pria tua, wanita tua, pria muda, dan para budak atau pelayan harus hidup sebagai orang percaya.\n\n## Konsep Khusus dalam Bab ini\n\n### Peran gender\n\nPara ahli berbeda pendapat mengenai bagaimana memahami bagian ini dalam konteks sejarah dan budayanya. Beberapa ahli berpendapat bahwa pria dan wanita adalah setara dalam segala hal. Sarjana lain percaya bahwa Tuhan menciptakan pria dan wanita untuk menjalankan peran yang berbeda dalam pernikahan dan gereja. Para penerjemah harus berhati-hati agar pemahaman mereka mengenai masalah ini tidak mempengaruhi cara mereka menerjemahkan bagian ini.\n\n### Perbudakan\n\nPaulus tidak menulis dalam pasal ini tentang apakah perbudakan itu baik atau buruk; Paulus mengajarkan para budak untuk setia melayani tuannya. Ia mengajarkan kepada seluruh orang percaya untuk hidup saleh dan benar dalam segala situasi.\n\nKirim masukan\nCatatan Pinggir\nSejarah\nDisimpan\nDibagikan\n
2:1 tpi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σὺ δὲ 1 Di sini, **kamu** berbentuk tunggal dan menunjuk kepada Titus. Jika bermanfaat, Anda dapat mencantumkan nama “Titus” di sini, seperti dalam UST.
2:1 ph2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 Lihat catatan tentang **pengajaran yang sehat** di [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1). Terjemahan lain: “dengan doktrin yang benar” atau “dengan ajaran yang benar”
2:2 xyz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis πρεσβύτας & εἶναι 1 Di sini tidak ada kata kerja sehingga dalam banyak bahasa diperlukan sebuah kalimat agar bisa lengkap. Jika ini membuat lebih jelas dalam bahasa Anda, Anda dapat menambah kata kerja di sini, yang diambil dari gagasan “berbicara” di ayat sebelumnya, seperti “mengajar” atau “menasihati.” Terjemahan lain: “Ajarlah orang yang lebih tua untuk menjadi”
2:2 xy13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet νηφαλίους & σεμνούς, σώφρονας 1 Ketiga kata ini mempunyai arti yang sangat dekat dan boleh digabung menjadi satu atau dua istilah, apabila bahasa sasaran tidak mempunyai tiga istilah yang terpisah.
2:2 abc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει τῇ ἀγάπῃ, τῇ ὑπομονῇ 1 Di sini kata **sehat** artinya teguh dan tak tergoyahkan. Itu berlaku untuk **iman**, **kasih**, dan **ketekunan**. Lihat catatan tentang kata **sehat** di [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1) dan catatan tentang **sehat dalam iman** di [Titus 1:13](../01/ 13/je3r). Terjemahan lain: “iman yang tak tergoyahkan, dalam mengasihi sesama, dan terus bertekun”
2:2 m14y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει 1 Anda dapat menyatakan kata benda abstrak **iman** sebagai kata kerja jika itu lebih jelas dalam bahasa Anda. Terjemahan lain: “dengan teguh percaya pada ajaran yang benar tentang Allah”
2:2 z14y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῇ ἀγάπῃ 1 Anda dapat menyatakan kata benda abstrak kasih, sebagai kata kerja jika itu lebih jelas dalam bahasa Anda. Terjemahan lain: “dalam mengasihi orang lain dengan baik”
2:2 a14y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῇ ὑπομονῇ 1 Anda dapat menyatakan kata benda abstrak **ketekunan** sebagai kata kerja jika itu lebih jelas dalam bahasa Anda. Terjemahan lain: “dan terus melayani Tuhan dalam segala keadaan”
2:3 gl8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis πρεσβύτιδας ὡσαύτως 1 Beberapa kata kerja tidak muncul di sini sehingga dalam banyak bahasa diperlukan sebuah kalimat agar menjadi lengkap. Jika bahasa Anda lebih jelas, Anda dapat melanjutkan dengan gagasan kata kerja dari dua ayat sebelumnya dan menerapkannya di sini juga, seperti “Ajarlah wanita yang lebih tua untuk menjadi” atau “Nasihatilah wanita yang lebih tua untuk menjadi.” Terjemahan yang lain, menghilangkan koma: “Dengan cara yang sama, ajarlah wanita yang lebih tua untuk menjadi” atau “Ajarlah juga wanita yang lebih tua untuk menjadi”
2:3 g9re rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας 1 Orang-orang yang tidak dapat mengendalikan diri dan minum terlalu banyak anggur dibicarakan di sini seolah-olah mereka adalah budak-budak anggur. Terjemahan lain: “dikendalikan oleh keinginan mereka akan anggur”
2:3 xyz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας 1 Jika bahasa Anda tidak menggunakan bentuk pasif ini, Anda dapat menyatakannya dalam bentuk aktif. Terjemahan lain: “minum terlalu banyak anggur”
2:3 abc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast καλοδιδασκάλους 1 Jika ini berguna dalam bahasa Anda, Anda dapat menunjukkan perbedaan antara sifat baik ini dan dua sifat buruk sebelumnya. Terjemahan lain: “tetapi pengajar-pengajar apa yang baik”
2:4 unh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Di sini, **sehingga** menandai sasaran pelatihan **perempuan muda** sebagai tujuan atau tujuan dari menjadi “pengajar apa yang baik” di ayat 3. Tentu saja, hidup dengan cara yang baik, seperti dijelaskan di ayat 3, membantu wanita yang lebih tua menjadi pengajar tentang apa yang baik. Gunakan kata sambung dalam bahasa Anda yang memperjelas bahwa berikut ini adalah tujuannya.
2:4 abc5 φιλάνδρους 1 Terjemahan lain: “kekasih dari suami mereka sendiri”
2:4 abca φιλοτέκνους 1 Terjemahan lain: “kekasih dari anak-anak mereka sendiri”
2:5 papr rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Note\nHere, **so that** marks not insulting **the word of God** as a goal or purpose of the good behavior described in verses 4 and 5. This is not the only purpose of living well, but if the young women of the church do not do these things, people will consider God's message to be worthless. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a purpose of what came before.
2:5 abcq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one insults the word of God” or “so that no one insults God by saying bad things about his message”
2:5 t5v6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Here, **word** stands for “message.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the message from God”
2:6 i3hv ὡσαύτως 1 Paul's instructions for the different groups of believers are similar. See how you translated this phrase in verse 3.
2:7 tn76 περὶ πάντα 1 It is possible that this phrase is part of the previous sentence instead of this one. If the Bible used in your area uses this phrase to end the previous sentence, you may choose to do the same.
2:7 x73u σεαυτὸν παρεχόμενος 1 Alternate translation: “show yourself to be” or “you yourself must serve as”
2:7 ym6x τύπον καλῶν ἔργων 1 Alternate translation: “as an example of one who does right and proper things”
2:7 blcl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἐν τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ ἀφθορίαν, σεμνότητα 1 Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “In the teaching, present yourself with incorruption and dignity”
2:7 cp3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ ἀφθορίαν, σεμνότητα 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **incorruption** and **dignity**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “In the teaching, be uncorrupted, dignified” or “In the teaching, be honest, serious”
2:7 gy0b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives ἀφθορίαν 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative word that consists of the negative prefix **in-** and the negative word **corruption**. Alternate translation: “honesty” or “integrity”
2:8 xy14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὑγιῆ 1 Here the word **sound** applies to Titus's **message** and means “accurate” or “correct,” as it does in [Titus 1:9](../01/09) and [2:1](../02/01) where it also applies to teaching. Alternate translation: “correct” or “true”
2:8 qe1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Here, **so that** indicates that what follows is a purpose of what came before. Having a sound message will make any opponent ashamed of opposing such a message. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a purpose of what came before. Alternate translation: “for in that way” or "in such a way that"
2:8 xt6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ἵνα ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας ἐντραπῇ 1 This presents a hypothetical situation in which someone opposes Titus and then becomes ashamed for having done so. Alternate translation: “so that if anyone opposes you, he may be ashamed” or “so that when people oppose you, they may be ashamed”
2:8 xy15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 Here the pronoun **us** includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
2:9 xyz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis δούλους ἰδίοις δεσπόταις ὑποτάσσεσθαι 1 As in 2:2 and 2:3, Paul is leaving out a word that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could apply the verbal idea from verse 6 to here, which is “urge” or “exhort.” Alternate translation: “Exhort slaves to be subject to their own masters” or “Exhort slaves to obey their own masters”
2:9 if6v ἐν πᾶσιν 1 Alternate translation: “in every situation” or “always”
2:9 id15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εὐαρέστους εἶναι 1 The implication is that the slaves are to be pleasing to their masters. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to please their masters” or “to satisfy their masters”
2:10 abc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μὴ νοσφιζομένους 1 The implication is that they would be tempted to steal from their masters. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “not to steal from their masters”
2:10 fhwk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Here the word **but** indicates a strong contrast between stealing and demonstrating good faith. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but rather”
2:10 t87j πᾶσαν πίστιν ἐνδεικνυμένους ἀγαθήν 1 Alternate translation: “to show that they are worthy of their masters’ trust”
2:10 s1ni rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Here, **so that** marks bringing **credit to the teaching that is about God** as a goal or purpose of slaves demonstrating **all good faith** with their masters. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is a purpose.
2:10 h2n6 ἐν πᾶσιν 1 Alternate translation: “in everything that they do”
2:10 f8jy τὴν διδασκαλίαν τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ, κοσμῶσιν 1 Alternate translation: “they may make the teaching about God our Savior attractive” or “they may cause people to understand that the teaching about God our Savior is good”
2:10 xy16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 Here the pronoun **our** includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
2:11 tlbm rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “They should do this because”
2:11 gp2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ἐπεφάνη & ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Paul speaks of **the grace of God** as if it were a person who has arrived. See the UST for other ways to express this. Alternate translation: “God is now offering his grace”
2:11 czny rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐπεφάνη γὰρ ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ σωτήριος πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **grace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “For God has been extremely kind by making a way to save all men”
2:11 n08x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification σωτήριος πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις 1 Here the word **salvific** describes God's **grace**, meaning that it is like a person who has the characteristic of saving people. Alternate translation: “able to save all men” or “working to save all men” or “bringing salvation for all men”
2:11 r94i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “for all people”
2:12 qy8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification παιδεύουσα ἡμᾶς 1 Paul speaks of the grace of God (2:11) as if it were a person who trains other people how to live holy lives. Alternate translation: “by which God trains us”
2:12 abce rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμᾶς 1 Here the pronoun **us** includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
2:12 lxb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὴν ἀσέβειαν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **godlessness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “things that dishonor God”
2:12 n3k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὰς κοσμικὰς ἐπιθυμίας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **passions**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “living for the things of this world” or “pursuing sinful pleasures”
2:12 fk8j ἐν τῷ νῦν αἰῶνι 1 Alternate translation: “while we live in this world” or “during this time”
2:13 rz93 προσδεχόμενοι 1 Alternate translation: “while we wait to welcome”
2:13 xyz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα, καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης 1 These two phrases connected with **and** express a single event. The words **blessed hope** describe how Paul feels about the **appearing** of Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use **and**. Alternate translation: “the blessing for which we hope, which is the appearing of the glory” or “what we are longing for, the blessed and glorious appearing”
2:13 tpx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα, καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **hope** and **glory**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “what we are longing for, the blessed and glorious appearing”
2:13 pss7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα, καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe an event that is characterized by **glory**, which is when **Jesus Christ** will be **appearing**. If your language would not use the possessive form to express this, you could say it differently. Alternate translation: “the blessed event that we have been hoping for when our great God and Savior Jesus Christ gloriously appears”
2:13 xyz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Both **our great God** and **Savior** refer to the one person, **Jesus Christ**. Alternate translation: “of Jesus Christ, our great God and Savior”
2:14 niu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὃς ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν 1 This refers to Jesus dying willingly. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “He gave himself to die for us”
2:14 xy20 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 Here the pronoun **us** includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
2:14 gxe7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor λυτρώσηται ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἀνομίας 1 Here, Paul speaks of **lawlessness** as though it were an evil master from whom Jesus sets us free. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to rescue us from our lawless way of living”
2:14 xy21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμᾶς 1 Here the pronoun **us** includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
2:14 fjy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive λαὸν περιούσιον 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a group of people that he has chosen” or “a group of people that he treasures”
2:14 ii18 ζηλωτὴν καλῶν ἔργων 1 Alternate translation: “who are eager to do good deeds”
2:15 akz0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns ταῦτα 1 Here, **these things** refers back to all of the things that Paul has said in chapter two. Use a natural way in your language to refer back to these things. Alternate translation: “about all of this”
2:15 abc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit παρακάλει 1 Paul assumes that Titus understands that he should exhort the believers to obey **these things**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “encourage the believers to do these things”
2:15 b94z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔλεγχε, μετὰ πάσης ἐπιταγῆς 1 If it is helpful, the people whom Titus should **rebuke** can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “correct with all authority those people who do not do these things”
2:15 iut6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μετὰ πάσης ἐπιταγῆς 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “from your rightful position as their overseer”
2:15 h15y μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω 1 Alternate translation: “Do not allow anyone to ignore you”
2:15 xy22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω 1 You can state this positively: “Make sure that everyone listens to you”
2:15 jbu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω 1 The way that people would disregard Titus could be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Let no one refuse to listen to your words” or “Let no one refuse to respect you”
3:intro zh6x 0 # Titus 3 Catatan Umum\n\n## Struktur dan Susunan\n\nDalam pasal ini, Paulus melanjutkan dengan memberikan instruksi kepada Titus tentang cara mengajar para penatua dan orang-orang yang berada di bawah penggembalaannya di Kreta.\n\n\nDalam ayat 1-7 Paulus menjelaskan tentang bagaimana, melalui kemurahan Allah, Roh Kudus menjadikan hidup kita baru dan mendorong kita untuk hidup dengan cara yang baru.\n\n\nDalam ayat 8-11 Paulus menjelaskan tentang apa yang harus dihindari Titus dan bagaimana memperlakukan orang yang menimbulkan perselisihan di antara orang percaya.\n\n\nDi ayat 12-15, Paulus menutup suratnya dengan memberi tahu Titus apa yang harus dilakukan setelah dia melantik penatua di Kreta dan dengan menyampaikan salam dari orang-orang yang bersamanya.\n\nAyat 15 secara resmi mengakhiri surat ini. Ini adalah cara yang umum untuk mengakhiri surat di Timur Dekat kuno.\n\n## Konsep Khusus dalam Bab ini\n\n### Silsilah\n\nSilsilah (ayat 9) adalah daftar yang mencatat nama nenek moyang atau keturunan seseorang serta menunjukkan dari suku dan keluarga mana seseorang berasal. Misalnya, para imam berasal dari suku Lewi dan keluarga Harun. Beberapa dari daftar ini mencakup kisah-kisah nenek moyang dan bahkan makhluk-mahluk rohani. Daftar dan cerita ini digunakan untuk berdebat tentang dari mana segala sesuatu berasal dan betapa pentingnya orang-orang tersebut
3:1 j2sa ὑπομίμνῃσκε αὐτοὺς & ὑποτάσσεσθαι 1 Terjemahan lain: “Beri tahulah orang-orang kita lagi, apa yang telah mereka ketahui, untuk "tunduk” atau “Terus ingatkanlah mereka untuk tunduk”
3:1 w3fy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις, ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν 1 Kata **tunduk** dan **menaati** memiliki arti yang sangat mirip dan keduanya menunjuk pada melakukan apa yang diperintahkan seseorang kepada Anda. Jika bahasa target hanya mempunyai satu istilah untuk ini, gunakan saja istilah itu. Terjemahan lain: “melakukan apa yang perintahkan penguasa politik dan pemerintah, dengan menaati mereka” atau “menaati pejabat pemerintah”
3:1 wa9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις 1 Kata **pemerintah** dan **penguasa** memiliki arti serupa dan keduanya menunjuk pada siapa pun yang memegang otoritas dalam pemerintahan. Jika bahasa target hanya mempunyai satu istilah untuk ini, gunakan saja istilah itu. Terjemahan lain: “kepada pejabat pemerintah”
3:1 in7u πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἑτοίμους εἶναι 1 Terjemahan lain: “siap-sedialah berbuat baik kapan pun ada kesempatan”
3:2 abcx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives ἀμάχους εἶναι 1 Agar lebih jelas dalam bahasa Anda, Anda dapat menggunakan pernyataan positif untuk menerjemahkan kata negatif ganda yang terdiri dari partikel negatif **tidak** dan kata negatif **suka bertengkar**. Terjemahan lain: “menjadi pendamai”
3:2 u77t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πᾶσαν ἐνδεικνυμένους πραΰτητα 1 Jika bahasa Anda tidak menggunakan kata benda abstrak untuk gagasan **kerendahan hati**, Anda dapat mengungkapkan gagasan yang sama dengan cara lain. Terjemahan lain: “selalu bersikap rendah hati” atau “selalu penuh perhatian”
3:2 vyaj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations πρὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους 1 Meskipun istilah **laki-laki** berjenis kelamin laki-laki, Paulus menggunakan kata tersebut dalam pengertian umum yang mencakup laki-laki dan perempuan. Jika ini berguna dalam bahasa Anda, Anda dapat menggunakan ungkapan yang memperjelas hal ini. Terjemahan lain: “terhadap semua orang”
3:3 m9zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἦμεν γάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. A reason for being gentle and humble with **foolish and disobedient** people is that we also used to be that way. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because we ourselves were once”
3:3 me7b ποτε 1 Alternate translation: “formerly” or “at some time” or “previously”
3:3 bl8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς 1 Here the pronoun, **we** includes Paul, Titus, and all believers, referring to the time before they trusted in Christ. Alternate translation: “even we” or “we ourselves”
3:3 qt8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις 1 Here, **passions** and **pleasures** are spoken of as if they were masters over people and had made those people into slaves by lying to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “We had allowed ourselves to believe the lie that pursuing various passions and pleasures would make us happy, and then we were unable to control our desires or stop doing things that we thought would give us pleasure”
3:3 xy27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Various passions and pleasures led us astray and enslaved us”
3:3 tl5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **passions** and **pleasures**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “by doing whatever we strongly desired to do and by doing whatever made us feel good”
3:3 dec4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ διάγοντες 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **evil** and **envy**, you could express the same ideas in another way. The words **evil** and **envy** describe sin. The word **evil** is general and **envy** is a specific kind of sin. Alternate translation: “We were always doing evil things and wanting what others have”
3:3 y5lp στυγητοί 1 Alternate translation: “doing things that made others hate us”
3:4 xy28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 **But** is used here to mark the important contrast between the evil way that people are (verses 1–3) and the goodness of God (verses 4–7). In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “However,”
3:4 ba5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὅτε & ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ 1 Paul speaks of God’s **kindness** and **love** as if they were physical things that came into our sight. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when God our Savior demonstrated his kindness and love for people”
3:4 abcg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ὅτε & ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **kindness** and **love**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “when God, who saves us, showed how kind and loving he would be to mankind”
3:4 abch rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 Here the pronoun **our** includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
3:5 l6a6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **righteousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “righteous works” or “good deeds”
3:5 n4ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns κατὰ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **mercy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because he wanted to be merciful”
3:5 k1a6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor λουτροῦ παλινγενεσίας 1 Paul combines two metaphors here. He is speaking of God’s forgiveness for sinners as if he were physically **washing** them clean from their sin. He is also speaking of sinners who become responsive to God as if they experience a **new birth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “being forgiven from sin, born again spiritually,”
3:6 fby9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οὗ ἐξέχεεν ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς πλουσίως, 1 It is common for New Testament writers to speak of the Holy Spirit as a liquid that God can pour out in large amounts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “whom God gave to us generously”
3:6 xy24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμᾶς 1 Here the pronoun **us** includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
3:6 q9ze διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν 1 Alternate translation: “because of what our Savior Jesus Christ did for us”
3:6 xy23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 Here the pronoun **our** includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
3:7 qe39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Here, **so that** marks becoming **heirs** of **eternal life** as the goal or purpose for why God gave us the Holy Spirit (verse 6). Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
3:7 di3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive δικαιωθέντες 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “since God has declared us to be without sin”
3:7 ievx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῇ ἐκείνου χάριτι 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **grace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “by the gracious gift of that one” or “by what that one freely did for us”
3:7 yrwd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns ἐκείνου 1 Here, **that one** refers back to “our Savior Jesus Christ” in verse 6. If it would be helpful in your language, you could repeat that name here. Alternate translation: “of Jesus”
3:7 q1cm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor κληρονόμοι γενηθῶμεν, κατ’ ἐλπίδα ζωῆς αἰωνίου 1 The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit the things promised, just as a person inherits property or possessions from a family member. Alternate translation: “we might expect to receive the eternal life that God has promised us”
3:8 j8md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns ὁ λόγος 1 **This message** is the one just expressed in verses 4–7, that God freely gives the Holy Spirit and eternal life to believers through Jesus. Alternate translation: “this saying”
3:8 xy29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns τούτων 1 Here, **these things** refers to the teachings that Paul has talked about in verses 1–7. Alternate translation: “these teachings that I have just talked about”
3:8 kqm6 φροντίζωσιν καλῶν ἔργων, προΐστασθαι 1 Alternate translation: “may diligently seek to do good works”
3:8 gdx0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τοῖς ἀνθρώποις 1 Although the term **men** is maculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “for all people”
3:9 j1hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ & περιΐστασο 1 The word **But** here indicates a contrast between good things to do (verse 8) and bad things to avoid doing (verse 9). In your translation, indicate this contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “In contrast, avoid”
3:9 qk66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit γενεαλογίας 1 The word **genealogies** refers to the study of family kinship relationships. See the Introduction to Titus for more information. Paul assumes that Titus will understand that he means for Titus to avoid arguing about genealogies. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “arguing about genealogies”
3:9 xu7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἔρεις 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **strife**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “arguing with people” or “fighting with people”
3:9 ky3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit νομικὰς 1 Paul assumes that Titus will understand that he is referring to the law of Moses, not Roman law. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “about the law of Moses”
3:10 x3fh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit αἱρετικὸν ἄνθρωπον & παραιτοῦ 1 The implication is that this person is causing division in the church. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Stay away from a person who causes division in the church”
3:10 xzx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μετὰ μίαν καὶ δευτέραν νουθεσίαν 1 The implication is that Titus should warn the person who is causing division. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “after you have warned that person once or twice”
3:11 r7pc ὁ τοιοῦτος 1 Alternate translation: “a person like that”
3:11 inh5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐξέστραπται 1 Paul speaks of someone who chooses to do wrong things as if he were leaving the **right** path to walk in the wrong direction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “has stopped doing what is right”
3:12 mba6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὅταν πέμψω Ἀρτεμᾶν πρὸς σὲ ἢ Τυχικόν 1 The implication is that Titus should come to Nicopolis after either Artemas or Tychicus arrives to where Titus is. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “After I send Artemas or Tychicus and he arrives to you”
3:12 c32w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ἀρτεμᾶν & Τυχικόν 1 **Artemas** and **Tychicus** are names of men.
3:12 knt1 σπούδασον ἐλθεῖν 1 Alternate translation: “do your best to come”
3:12 xy30 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σπούδασον 1 The verb **hurry** is singular and directed at Titus alone. Artemas or Tychicus would stay in Crete, probably to take Titus’ place.
3:13 mi7t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σπουδαίως πρόπεμψον 1 The implication here is that to **Diligently send** these men is to help and equip them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Give supplies for traveling to”
3:13 a46f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ζηνᾶν & Ἀπολλῶν 1 **Zenos** and **Apollos** are names of men.
3:13 s757 καὶ Ἀπολλῶν 1 Alternate translation: “and also Apollos”
3:13 h3an rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα μηδὲν αὐτοῖς λείπῃ 1 Here, **so that** indicates the way in which Titus is to send off these men. Alternate translation: “in such a way that they lack nothing”
3:13 xy31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives ἵνα μηδὲν αὐτοῖς λείπῃ 1 You can state this positively. Alternate translation: “so that they have everything that they need”
3:14 fw98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οἱ ἡμέτεροι 1 Here, **our own** refers to the believers in Crete. Alternate translation: “our own people”
3:14 xy33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive οἱ ἡμέτεροι 1 Here the pronoun **our** includes Paul and Titus. The form should be either dual or inclusive if your language marks this distinction.
3:14 tn24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰς τὰς ἀναγκαίας χρείας 1 Here **essential needs** refers to things that people must have in order to live. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “that enable them to help people who lack necessary things”
3:14 mji4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι 1 Paul speaks of people doing good work as if they were trees bearing good fruit. Alternate translation: “so that they will not lead useless lives”
3:14 xy32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι 1 You can state this positively. Alternate translation: “so that they will be fruitful” or “that in this way they will be productive”
3:15 abci rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ἀσπάζονταί σε 1 Here, **you** is singular. This is a personal greeting to Titus.
3:15 k1sa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ μετ’ ἐμοῦ πάντες 1 Alternate translation: “All the people who are with me” or “All of the believers who are here with me”
3:15 f4vc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς ἐν πίστει 1 Here, **in faith** is an idiom that refers to those who share the same faith. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the believers who love us because we share the same belief” or “all those who love us and believe as we do”
3:15 xy35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμᾶς 1 Here the pronoun **us** is probably exclusive and refers to Paul and the group of believers with him. Paul is sending greetings from this group to the group of believers that is with Titus on Crete.
3:15 kx83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing ἡ χάρις μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν 1 This was a common Christian greeting and is also a blessing. Express this in a form that would be understood as a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: “May God’s grace be with you” or “I ask that God will be gracious to all of you”
3:15 xy34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ὑμῶν 1 Here the pronoun **you** is plural. This blessing is for Titus and for all of the believers there in Crete.
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