Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
front:intro m2jl 0 # Introduction to Titus\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the book of Titus\n\n1. Paul instructs Titus to appoint godly leaders. (1:1–16)\n2. Paul instructs Titus to train people to live godly lives. (2:1–3:11)\n3. Paul ends by sharing some of his plans and sending greetings to various believers. (3:12–15)\n\n### Who wrote the book of Titus?\n\nPaul wrote the book of Titus. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a believer, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted believers. After he became a believer, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire, telling people about Jesus.\n\n### What is the book of Titus about?\n\nPaul wrote this letter to Titus, his fellow worker, who was leading the churches on the island of Crete. Paul instructed him about selecting church leaders. Paul also described how believers should behave toward each other. He also encouraged them all to live in a way that pleases God.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nTranslators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “Titus.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “Paul’s Letter to Titus” or “A Letter to Titus.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### In what roles can people serve within the church?\n\nThere are some teachings in the book of Titus about whether a woman or divorced man can serve in positions of leadership within the church. Scholars disagree about the meaning of these teachings. Further study on these issues may be necessary before translating this book.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Singular and plural **you**\n\nIn this book, the word **I** refers to Paul. Also, the word **you** is almost always singular and refers to Titus. The exception to this is 3:15. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### What is the meaning of **God our Savior**?\n\nThis is a common phrase in this letter. Paul meant to make the readers think about how God forgave them in Christ for sinning against him, and by forgiving them he saved them from being punished when he judges all people. A similar phrase in this letter is **our great God and Savior Jesus Christ**.
1:intro c7me 0 # Titus 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nPaul formally introduces this letter in verses 1–4. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.\n\nIn verses 6–9, Paul lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an elder in the church. (See: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns) Paul gives a similar list in 1 Timothy 3.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Elders\n\nThe church has used different titles for church leaders. Some titles include overseer, elder, pastor, and bishop.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Should, may, must\n\nThe ULT uses different words that indicate requirements or obligations. These verbs have different levels of force associated with them. The subtle differences may be difficult to translate. The UST translates these verbs in a more general way.
1:1 rtc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns κατὰ πίστιν ἐκλεκτῶν Θεοῦ καὶ ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας 1 The words **faith**, **knowledge**, and **truth** are abstract nouns. If it would be more clear in your language, you could express those ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “to help God’s chosen people to continue to trust him and to know every true thing”
1:1 xrtm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐκλεκτῶν Θεοῦ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “of the people whom God has chosen”
1:1 tn97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας 1 Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and for their knowledge of the truth” or “and so that the chosen people of God might know the truth”
1:1 fyf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς κατ’ εὐσέβειαν 1 Here, **godliness** is an abstract noun that refers to living in a way that pleases God. Alternate translation: “that is suitable for honoring God”
1:2 xyz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ζωῆς αἰωνίου 1 Here **hope** could be connected to: (1) **godliness**, meaning that if we live to please God, we will have hope of eternal life. Alternate translation: “which gives us the certain hope of everlasting life” or (2) **knowledge of the truth**, meaning that this hope of eternal life is part of the truth, and that knowing the truth gives hope of eternal life. Alternate translation: “and that teaches us to expect eternal life”
1:2 u0gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ζωῆς αἰωνίου 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **hope**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “which leads us to confidently expect eternal life”
1:2 vyuu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives ὁ ἀψευδὴς Θεὸς 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression here instead of this double negative. Alternate translation: “the God who is completely trustworthy”
1:3 swi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐφανέρωσεν & τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ 1 Paul speaks of God’s word as if it were an object that could be visibly shown to people. Alternate translation: “he caused me to understand his message”
1:3 abc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν κηρύγματι 1 Paul assumes that his readers will understand that **the proclamation** refers to the message of the gospel of Jesus Christ. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “by means of the proclamation of the message about Jesus”
1:3 m41u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὃ ἐπιστεύθην ἐγὼ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the one that he entrusted to me” or “the one that he gave me the responsibility to preach”
1:3 xy18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 Here, **our** includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
1:4 gu55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor γνησίῳ τέκνῳ 1 Though Titus was not Paul’s biological **son**, they share a common faith in Christ. Paul considers relationship to Christ through faith to be more important than biological relationship. Thus, because of their relative ages and shared faith in Christ, Paul considers Titus as his own son. It may also be that Paul led Titus to faith in Christ, and so Titus is like a son in this spiritual sense. Alternate translation: “like a son to me”
1:4 wx6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns κατὰ κοινὴν πίστιν 1 Paul and Titus both share the same **faith** in Christ. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because we both trust in Jesus Christ”
1:4 h93t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη 1 This was a common greeting Paul used. He is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “May you experience grace and peace”
1:4 vft3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **Grace** and **peace**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “May God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior be gracious to you and give you a peaceful spirit”
1:4 s3yr Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν 1 Alternate translation: “Christ Jesus who is our Savior”
1:4 xy17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 Here, **our** includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
1:5 ew8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal τούτου χάριν 1 The phrase **For this purpose** introduces the goal that Paul wanted to accomplish when he left Titus in Crete (to ordain elders in the church). Use a phrase in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation: “This is why”
1:5 lh9b ἀπέλιπόν σε ἐν Κρήτῃ 1 Alternate translation: “I told you to stay in Crete”
1:5 ga62 ἵνα τὰ λείποντα ἐπιδιορθώσῃ 1 Alternate translation: “so that you would finish arranging things that needed to be done”
1:6 jen8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἴ τίς ἐστιν ἀνέγκλητος 1 This is the beginning of the description of the character of an elder. Paul assumes that Titus understands that he is to choose men who fit the following description. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “an elder must be blameless” or “any man you choose to be an elder must be without blame”
1:6 ab70 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives ἀνέγκλητος 1 To be **blameless** is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this positively. Alternate translation: “a person who has a good reputation”
1:6 q6uy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ 1 This means that he has only **one wife**; that is, he does not have any other wives or concubines. This also means that he does not commit adultery and may also mean that he has not divorced a previous wife. Alternate translation: “a man who has only one woman” or “a man who is faithful to his wife”
1:6 wd6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τέκνα & πιστά 1 This could refer to: (1) children who believe in Jesus. Alternate translation: “children who are faithful to God” (2) children who are trustworthy. Alternate translation: “children who are honest”
1:7 lz7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὸν ἐπίσκοπον 1 The word **overseer** is another name for the same position of spiritual leadership that Paul referred to as “elder” in 1:5. This term focuses on the function of the elder: he oversees the activities and people of the church. Alternate translation: “an elder in charge of God's people”
1:7 g2zf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Θεοῦ οἰκονόμον 1 Paul speaks of the church as if it were God’s **household**, and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing that household. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person in charge of taking care of God's church”
1:7 d6l1 μὴ πάροινον 1 Alternate translation: “not an alcoholic” or “not one who drinks much wine”
1:7 j1qq μὴ πλήκτην 1 Alternate translation: “not one who is violent” or “not one who likes to fight”
1:8 i549 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast between the things that an elder is not to be (that Paul already stated), and the things that an elder is to be (that Paul is about to state). Indicate this contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “In contrast”
1:8 vkq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor φιλάγαθον 1 Here Paul is speaking of **what is good** as if it were a person who could be someone's **friend**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person who loves to do good things”
1:8 xy11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet σώφρονα & ἐγκρατῆ 1 The terms **sensible** and **self-controlled** are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms.
1:8 xy12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet δίκαιον, ὅσιον 1 The terms **righteous** and **holy** are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms.
1:9 xwy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀντεχόμενον 1 Paul speaks of devotion to the Christian faith as if it were grasping the faith with one’s hands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different metaphor or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He must carefully follow” or “He must be devoted to”
1:9 xy10 κατὰ τὴν διδαχὴν 1 Alternate translation: “that agrees with the things that we taught him”
1:9 abcj rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 The connecting words **so that** introduce a goal or purpose relationship. The purpose for the elder to hold tightly to the trustworthy message is for him to be able to encourage others and rebuke those who oppose him. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is a purpose. Alternate translation: “because in this way”
1:9 pzi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ 1 The word translated here as **sound** normally refers to being physically healthy. Paul is speaking of this **teaching** as if it were a living thing that could be healthy or sick. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “correct teaching”
1:10 w9kk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ματαιολόγοι 1 Here, **empty** is a metaphor for useless, and **empty talkers** are people who say useless or foolish things. Alternate translation: “people who say useless things”
1:10 ga6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown φρεναπάται 1 The word **deceivers** describes people who are actively trying to convince people to believe in something other than the true gospel that Paul preaches. Alternate translation: “people who convince others to believe things that are not true”
1:10 abcd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys ματαιολόγοι, καὶ φρεναπάται 1 Both **empty talkers** and **deceivers** refer to the same people, those who are also **rebellious**. Those people taught false, worthless things and wanted other people to believe them. Alternate translation: “people who say wrong things so that others will believe things that are not true”
1:10 pu74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς 1 Here, **circumcision** represents the Jewish believers who taught that men must be circumcised in order to please God. This teaching is false. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the ones who teach that men must be circumcised in order to please God”
1:11 f4iy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὓς δεῖ ἐπιστομίζειν 1 The implication is that these people must be stopped from teaching. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “You must prevent them from spreading their false teachings” or “Someone must stop them from deceiving others by their words”
1:11 aqi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὅλους οἴκους ἀνατρέπουσιν 1 The issue was that they were leading families away from the truth and destroying their faith. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “are ruining the faith of entire families”
1:11 at7c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit αἰσχροῦ κέρδους χάριν 1 Here Paul refers to **profit** as **shameful**, meaning that the activity of accepting money for teaching wrong things brings shame on the teacher. Consider how to express this in your language. Alternate translation: “and increasing their shame by taking money for it”
1:12 tr1j τις ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἴδιος αὐτῶν προφήτης 1 Alternate translation: “A Cretan, one that they themselves consider to be a prophet”
1:12 y3zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται 1 The word **always** here is an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “Cretans have a reputation to be liars” or “Cretans tend to be liars”
1:12 h3jb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor κακὰ θηρία 1 This metaphor is speaking of **Cretans** as if they were **evil beasts**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as dangerous as wild animals”
1:12 xyz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche γαστέρες ἀργαί 1 Here the part of the body that stores food is used to represent the person who eats all the time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “lazy gluttons” or “lazy people who just want to eat”
1:13 fif8 δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ἔλεγχε αὐτοὺς ἀποτόμως 1 Terjemahan lain: “Oleh karena itu, Anda harus menggunakan bahasa yang kuat sehingga orang Kreta dapat memahaminya saat Anda mengoreksinya”
1:13 abck rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν 1 Kata penghubung **Untuk alasan ini** memperkenalkan hubungan alasan-akibat. Alasannya adalah bahwa apa yang dikatakan nabi Kreta tentang umatnya adalah benar (mereka pembohong, jahat, dan malas), dan akibatnya Titus harus menegur mereka dengan keras karena berperilaku seperti itu. Gunakan penghubung dalam bahasa Anda yang memperjelas bahwa hal berikut adalah alasan dari hal sebelumnya. Terjemahan lain: “Oleh karena itu”
1:13 dlgr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοὺς 1 Di sini kata ganti **mereka** dapat merujuk pada: (1) orang-orang percaya di Kreta pada umumnya. Hal ini tampaknya mungkin terjadi karena **kesaksian** ditujukan untuk semua orang Kreta, dan ayat 14 mengatakan bahwa mereka tidak boleh memperhatikan “perintah orang-orang yang berpaling dari kebenaran”. Dengan kata lain, mereka hendaknya tidak memperhatikan guru-guru palsu. Terjemahan lain: “orang-orang percaya Kreta” atau (2) guru-guru palsu Kreta. Dalam hal ini, ayat 14 memerintahkan guru-guru palsu untuk tidak memperhatikan guru-guru palsu lainnya. Terjemahan lain: “guru-guru palsu”
1:13 je3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἵνα ὑγιαίνωσιν ἐν τῇ πίστει 1 Lihat catatan mengenai **suara** dalam [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1). Terjemahan lain: “supaya mereka mempunyai iman yang sehat” atau “supaya iman mereka benar” atau “supaya mereka hanya percaya pada apa yang benar tentang Tuhan”
1:13 abcl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Di sini, **supaya** menandakan **iman yang sehat**, begitu juga dengan ayat 14 berikut ini, sebagai maksud atau tujuan menegur orang Kreta. Gunakan penghubung dalam bahasa Anda yang memperjelas bahwa inilah tujuannya.
1:13 xyz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ πίστει 1 Di sini kata benda abstrak **iman** mewakili hal-hal yang diyakini orang tentang Tuhan. Terjemahan lain: “dalam apa yang mereka yakini tentang Tuhan”
1:14 m4a5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀποστρεφομένων τὴν ἀλήθειαν 1 Paulus berbicara tentang kebenaran seolah-olah kebenaran adalah suatu objek yang dapat ditolak atau dihindari oleh seseorang. Terjemahan lain: “yang menolak kebenaran”
1:15 qtb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs πάντα καθαρὰ τοῖς καθαροῖς 1 Di sini, Paulus menggunakan atau menciptakan sebuah peribahasa untuk mengajarkan bahwa menjadi murni atau menyenangkan Tuhan adalah soal pikiran batin seseorang, bukan soal tindakan atau ritual lahiriah. Terjemahkan peribahasa ini sedemikian rupa sehingga dapat dikenali sebagai peribahasa dan bermakna dalam bahasa dan budaya Anda. Terjemahan lain: “Jika manusia suci hatinya, segala sesuatu yang mereka lakukan akan murni” atau “Ketika manusia hanya mempunyai pikiran yang baik, maka apa pun yang mereka lakukan tidak akan menyinggung Tuhan”
1:15 nx42 τοῖς καθαροῖς 1 Terjemahan lain: “kepada mereka yang berkenan kepada Tuhan”
1:15 abcn rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Kata penghubung **Tetapi** memperkenalkan kontras antara orang yang suci dan orang yang rusak dan tidak beriman. Tunjukkan kontras ini dengan cara yang wajar dalam bahasa Anda. Terjemahan lain: “Namun,”
1:15 n3wk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῖς δὲ μεμιαμμένοις καὶ ἀπίστοις, οὐδὲν καθαρόν 1 Paulus berbicara tentang orang-orang berdosa seolah-olah mereka rusak atau kotor secara fisik. Terjemahan lain: “Tetapi jika manusia tercemar akhlaknya dan tidak beriman, maka mereka tidak dapat berbuat sesuatu yang suci” atau “Tetapi jika manusia penuh dengan dosa dan ketidakpercayaan, maka apa pun yang mereka lakukan tidak berkenan kepada Allah”
1:16 abco rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Kata penghubung **tetapi** memperkenalkan kontras antara apa yang dikatakan orang-orang jahat ini (bahwa mereka mengenal Tuhan) dan apa yang ditunjukkan oleh tindakan mereka (bahwa mereka tidak mengenal Tuhan). Tunjukkan kontras ini dengan cara yang wajar dalam bahasa Anda. Terjemahan lain: “namun demikian,”
1:16 i3l2 τοῖς & ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται 1 Terjemahan lain: “cara hidup mereka membuktikan bahwa mereka tidak mengenal Dia”
2:intro h3il 0 # Titus 2 General Notes\n\nPaul continues giving Titus reasons to preach God’s word, and explains how the older men, older women, young men, and slaves or servants should live as believers.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Gender roles\n\nScholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are completely equal in all things. Other scholars believe God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let their understanding of this issue affect how they translate this passage.\n\n### Slavery\n\nPaul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad; Paul teaches slaves to faithfully serve their masters. He teaches all believers to be godly and live rightly in every situation.
2:1 tpi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σὺ δὲ 1 Here, **you** is singular and refers to Titus. If it is helpful, you could include the name “Titus” here, as in the UST.
2:1 ph2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 See the note about **sound teaching** on [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1). Alternate translation: “with right doctrine” or “with correct teachings”
2:2 xyz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis πρεσβύτας & εἶναι 1 A verb is lacking here that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply a verb here, drawing from the idea of “speak” in the previous verse, such as “teach” or “exhort.” Alternate translation: “Teach older men to be”
2:2 xy13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet νηφαλίους & σεμνούς, σώφρονας 1 These three words are very close in meaning and may be combined into one or two terms if the target language does not have three separate terms.
2:2 xc6t νηφαλίους 1 Alternate translation: “sober-minded” or “self-controlled”
2:2 y3j2 σώφρονας 1 Alternate translation: “in control of their desires”
2:2 abc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει τῇ ἀγάπῃ, τῇ ὑπομονῇ 1 Here the word **sound** means to be firm and unwavering. It applies to **faith**, **love**, and **perseverance**. See the note about **sound** on [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1) and the note about **sound in faith** on [Titus 1:13](../01/13/je3r). Alternate translation: “unwavering in faith, in loving others, and in continuing to persevere”
2:2 m14y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει 1 You can state the abstract noun **faith** as a verb if that is clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “to firmly believe the true teachings about God”
2:2 z14y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῇ ἀγάπῃ 1 You can state the abstract noun **love** as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “in loving others well”
2:2 a14y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῇ ὑπομονῇ 1 You can state the abstract noun **perseverance** as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “and to continually serve God in all circumstances”
2:3 gl8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis πρεσβύτιδας ὡσαύτως 1 Some verbs are lacking here that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could continue the verbal ideas from the previous two verses and apply them here, as well, such as “Teach older women to be” or “Exhort older women to be.” Alternate translation, removing the comma: “In the same way, teach older women to be” or “Also teach older women to be”
2:3 g9re rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας 1 People who cannot control themselves and drink too much wine are spoken of here as if they were a slave to the wine. Alternate translation: “controlled by their desire for wine”
2:3 xyz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “drinking too much wine”
2:3 abc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast καλοδιδασκάλους 1 If it is helpful in your language, you can indicate the contrast between this good quality and the two preceding bad qualities. Alternate translation: “but rather, teachers of what is good”
2:4 unh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Here, **so that** marks training **the younger women** as the goal or purpose of being “teachers of what is good” in verse 3. Of course, living in a good way, as verse 3 describes, helps the older women to be teachers of what is good. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is the purpose.
2:4 abc5 φιλάνδρους 1 Alternate translation: “lovers of their own husbands”
2:4 abca φιλοτέκνους 1 Alternate translation: “and lovers of their own children”
2:5 abcb ὑποτασσομένας τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν 1 Alternate translation: “and to obey their own husbands”
2:5 papr rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Here, **so that** marks not insulting **the word of God** as a goal or purpose of the good behavior described in verses 4 and 5. This is not the only purpose of living well, but if the young women of the church do not do these things, people will consider God's message to be worthless. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a purpose of what came before.
2:5 abcq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one insults the word of God” or “so that no one insults God by saying bad things about his message”
2:5 t5v6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Here, **word** stands for “message.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the message from God”
2:6 i3hv ὡσαύτως 1 Paul's instructions for the different groups of believers are similar. See how you translated this phrase in verse 3.
2:7 tn76 περὶ πάντα 1 It is possible that this phrase is part of the previous sentence instead of this one. If the Bible used in your area uses this phrase to end the previous sentence, you may choose to do the same.
2:7 x73u σεαυτὸν παρεχόμενος 1 Alternate translation: “show yourself to be” or “you yourself must serve as”
2:7 ym6x τύπον καλῶν ἔργων 1 Alternate translation: “as an example of one who does right and proper things”
2:7 blcl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἐν τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ ἀφθορίαν, σεμνότητα 1 Paul is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “In the teaching, present yourself with incorruption and dignity”
2:7 cp3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ ἀφθορίαν, σεμνότητα 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **incorruption** and **dignity**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “In the teaching, be uncorrupted, dignified” or “In the teaching, be honest, serious”
2:7 gy0b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives ἀφθορίαν 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative word that consists of the negative prefix **in-** and the negative word **corruption**. Alternate translation: “honesty” or “integrity”
2:8 xy14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὑγιῆ 1 Here the word **sound** applies to Titus's **message** and means “accurate” or “correct,” as it does in [Titus 1:9](../01/09) and [2:1](../02/01) where it also applies to teaching. Alternate translation: “correct” or “true”
2:8 qe1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Here, **so that** indicates that what follows is a purpose of what came before. Having a sound message will make any opponent ashamed of opposing such a message. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a purpose of what came before. Alternate translation: “for in that way” or "in such a way that"
2:8 xt6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ἵνα ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας ἐντραπῇ 1 This presents a hypothetical situation in which someone opposes Titus and then becomes ashamed for having done so. Alternate translation: “so that if anyone opposes you, he may be ashamed” or “so that when people oppose you, they may be ashamed”
2:8 xy15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 Here the pronoun **us** includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
2:9 xyz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis δούλους ἰδίοις δεσπόταις ὑποτάσσεσθαι 1 As in 2:2 and 2:3, Paul is leaving out a word that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could apply the verbal idea from verse 6 to here, which is “urge” or “exhort.” Alternate translation: “Exhort slaves to be subject to their own masters” or “Exhort slaves to obey their own masters”
2:9 if6v ἐν πᾶσιν 1 Alternate translation: “in every situation” or “always”
2:9 id15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εὐαρέστους εἶναι 1 The implication is that the slaves are to be pleasing to their masters. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to please their masters” or “to satisfy their masters”
2:10 abc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μὴ νοσφιζομένους 1 The implication is that they would be tempted to steal from their masters. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “not to steal from their masters”
2:10 fhwk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Here the word **but** indicates a strong contrast between stealing and demonstrating good faith. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but rather”
2:10 t87j πᾶσαν πίστιν ἐνδεικνυμένους ἀγαθήν 1 Alternate translation: “to show that they are worthy of their masters’ trust”
2:10 s1ni rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Here, **so that** marks bringing **credit to the teaching that is about God** as a goal or purpose of slaves demonstrating **all good faith** with their masters. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is a purpose.
2:10 h2n6 ἐν πᾶσιν 1 Alternate translation: “in everything that they do”
2:10 f8jy τὴν διδασκαλίαν τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ, κοσμῶσιν 1 Alternate translation: “they may make the teaching about God our Savior attractive” or “they may cause people to understand that the teaching about God our Savior is good”
2:10 xy16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 Here the pronoun **our** includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
2:11 tlbm rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “They should do this because”
2:11 gp2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ἐπεφάνη & ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Paul speaks of **the grace of God** as if it were a person who has arrived. See the UST for other ways to express this. Alternate translation: “God is now offering his grace”
2:11 czny rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐπεφάνη γὰρ ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ σωτήριος πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **grace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “For God has been extremely kind by making a way to save all men”
2:11 n08x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification σωτήριος πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις 1 Here the word **salvific** describes God's **grace**, meaning that it is like a person who has the characteristic of saving people. Alternate translation: “able to save all men” or “working to save all men” or “bringing salvation for all men”
2:11 r94i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “for all people”
2:12 qy8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification παιδεύουσα ἡμᾶς 1 Paul speaks of the grace of God (2:11) as if it were a person who trains other people how to live holy lives. Alternate translation: “by which God trains us”
2:12 abce rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμᾶς 1 Here the pronoun **us** includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
2:12 lxb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὴν ἀσέβειαν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **godlessness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “things that dishonor God”
2:12 n3k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὰς κοσμικὰς ἐπιθυμίας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **passions**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “living for the things of this world” or “pursuing sinful pleasures”
2:13 rz93 προσδεχόμενοι 1 Terjemahan lain: “sementara kita menunggu untuk menyambut”
2:13 xyz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα, καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης 1 Kedua frasa yang dihubungkan dengan **dan** ini mengungkapkan satu peristiwa. Kata **pengharapan yang diberkati** menggambarkan perasaan Paulus tentang **penampakan** Yesus. Jika ini berguna dalam bahasa Anda, Anda dapat mengungkapkan makna ini dengan frasa padanan yang tidak menggunakan **dan**. Terjemahan lain: “berkah yang kita harapkan, yaitu munculnya kemuliaan” atau “yang kita rindukan, penampakan yang diberkati dan mulia”
2:13 tpx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα, καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης 1 Jika bahasa Anda tidak menggunakan kata benda abstrak untuk gagasan **harapan** dan **kemuliaan**, Anda dapat mengungkapkan gagasan yang sama dengan cara lain. Terjemahan lain: “apa yang kita dambakan, penampakan yang penuh keberkahan dan kemuliaan”
2:13 pss7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα, καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Di sini, Paulus menggunakan bentuk kepemilikan untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang ditandai dengan **kemuliaan**, yaitu ketika **Yesus Kristus** akan **menampakkan diri**. Jika bahasa Anda tidak menggunakan bentuk kepemilikan untuk mengungkapkan hal ini, Anda dapat mengatakannya secara berbeda. Terjemahan lain: “peristiwa penuh berkah yang kita nanti-nantikan ketika Tuhan dan Juru Selamat kita Yesus Kristus yang agung menampakkan diri secara mulia”
2:13 xyz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Baik **Allah kita yang agung** maupun **Juruselamat** mengacu pada satu pribadi, **Yesus Kristus**. Terjemahan lain: “Yesus Kristus, Allah dan Juruselamat kita yang agung”
2:14 niu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὃς ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν 1 Ini mengacu pada kematian Yesus dengan rela. Anda dapat memasukkan informasi ini jika itu berguna bagi pembaca Anda. Terjemahan lain: “Dia menyerahkan diri-Nya untuk mati bagi kita”
2:14 xy20 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 Di sini kata ganti **kita** mencakup Paulus, Titus, dan semua orang percaya.
2:14 gxe7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor λυτρώσηται ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἀνομίας 1 Di sini, Paulus berbicara tentang **pelanggaran hukum** seolah-olah Yesus adalah tuan yang jahat yang membebaskan kita. Jika ini berguna dalam bahasa Anda, Anda dapat menggunakan ungkapan yang setara dari bahasa Anda atau menyatakan artinya dengan jelas. Terjemahan lain: “untuk menyelamatkan kami dari cara hidup kami yang melanggar hukum”
2:14 xy21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμᾶς 1 Di sini kata ganti **kita** mencakup Paulus, Titus, dan semua orang percaya.
2:14 fjy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive λαὸν περιούσιον 1 Jika bahasa Anda tidak menggunakan bentuk pasif ini, Anda dapat mengungkapkan gagasan tersebut dalam bentuk aktif atau dengan cara lain yang wajar dalam bahasa Anda. Terjemahan lain: “sekelompok orang yang Dia pilih” atau “sekelompok orang yang Dia hargai”
2:15 akz0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns ταῦτα 1 Di sini, **hal-hal ini** mengacu kembali pada semua hal yang Paulus katakan di pasal dua. Gunakan cara alami dalam bahasa Anda untuk merujuk kembali pada hal-hal ini. Terjemahan lain: “tentang semua ini”
2:15 abc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit παρακάλει 1 Paulus berasumsi bahwa Titus memahami bahwa ia harus menasihati umat beriman untuk menaati **hal-hal ini**. Anda dapat memasukkan informasi ini jika itu berguna bagi pembaca Anda. Terjemahan lain: “mendorong orang-orang beriman untuk melakukan hal-hal ini”
2:15 b94z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔλεγχε, μετὰ πάσης ἐπιταγῆς 1 Jika bermanfaat, orang-orang yang harus **tegur** oleh Titus bisa dijelaskan secara eksplisit. Terjemahan lain: “koreksi dengan segenap otoritas orang-orang yang tidak melakukan hal-hal ini”
2:15 iut6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μετὰ πάσης ἐπιταγῆς 1 Jika bahasa Anda tidak menggunakan kata benda abstrak untuk gagasan **otoritas**, Anda dapat mengungkapkan gagasan yang sama dengan cara lain. Terjemahan lain: “dari posisi Anda yang sah sebagai pengawas mereka”
2:15 xy22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω 1 Anda dapat menyatakan ini secara positif: “Pastikan semua orang mendengarkan Anda”
2:15 jbu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω 1 Cara orang mengabaikan Titus dapat dibuat secara eksplisit. Terjemahan lain: “Jangan ada seorang pun yang menolak untuk mendengarkan kata-katamu” atau “Jangan ada seorang pun yang menolak untuk menghormatimu”
3:intro zh6x 0 # Titus 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nIn this chapter, Paul continues giving Titus instructions on how to teach the elders and people under his care in Crete. \n\n\nIn verses 1-7 Paul explains how, by God's mercy, the Holy Spirit makes our lives new and motivates us to live in a new way. \n\n\nIn verses 8-11 Paul explains what Titus should avoid and how to treat those who cause contention among the believers. \n\n\nIn verses 12-15, Paul closes the letter by telling Titus what to do after he appoints elders in Crete and by delivering greetings from those with him.\n\nVerse 15 formally concludes this letter. This is a common way of ending a letter in the ancient Near East.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Genealogies\n\nGenealogies (verse 9) are lists that record a person’s ancestors or descendants and show from what tribe and family a person came. For example, priests came from the tribe of Levi and the family of Aaron. Some of these lists included stories of ancestors and even of spiritual beings. These lists and stories were used to argue about where things came from and about how important various people were.
3:1 j2sa ὑπομίμνῃσκε αὐτοὺς & ὑποτάσσεσθαι 1 Alternate translation: “Tell our people again what they already know, to submit” or “Keep reminding them to submit”
3:1 w3fy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις, ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν 1 The words **submit** and **obey** have very similar meanings and both refer to doing what someone tells you to do. If the target language has only one term for this, then just use that term. Alternate translation: “to do as the political rulers and government authorities say by obeying them” or “to obey government officials”
3:1 wa9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις 1 The words **rulers** and **authorities** have similar meanings and both refer to anyone who holds authority in the government. If the target language has only one term for this, then just use that term. Alternate translation: “to government officials”
3:1 in7u πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἑτοίμους εἶναι 1 Alternate translation: “to be ready to do good whenever there is opportunity”
3:2 abcx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives ἀμάχους εἶναι 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **un** and the negative word **contentious**. Alternate translation: “to be peaceful”
3:2 u77t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πᾶσαν ἐνδεικνυμένους πραΰτητα 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **humility**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “always being humble” or “always being considerate”
3:2 vyaj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations πρὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “toward everyone”
3:3 m9zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἦμεν γάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. A reason for being gentle and humble with **foolish and disobedient** people is that we also used to be that way. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because we ourselves were once”
3:3 me7b ποτε 1 Alternate translation: “formerly” or “at some time” or “previously”
3:3 bl8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς 1 Here the pronoun, **we** includes Paul, Titus, and all believers, referring to the time before they trusted in Christ. Alternate translation: “even we” or “we ourselves”
3:3 qt8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις 1 Here, **passions** and **pleasures** are spoken of as if they were masters over people and had made those people into slaves by lying to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “We had allowed ourselves to believe the lie that pursuing various passions and pleasures would make us happy, and then we were unable to control our desires or stop doing things that we thought would give us pleasure”
3:3 xy27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Various passions and pleasures led us astray and enslaved us”
3:3 tl5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **passions** and **pleasures**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “by doing whatever we strongly desired to do and by doing whatever made us feel good”
3:3 dec4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ διάγοντες 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **evil** and **envy**, you could express the same ideas in another way. The words **evil** and **envy** describe sin. The word **evil** is general and **envy** is a specific kind of sin. Alternate translation: “We were always doing evil things and wanting what others have”
3:3 y5lp στυγητοί 1 Alternate translation: “doing things that made others hate us”
3:4 xy28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 **But** is used here to mark the important contrast between the evil way that people are (verses 1–3) and the goodness of God (verses 4–7). In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “However,”
3:4 ba5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὅτε & ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ 1 Paul speaks of God’s **kindness** and **love** as if they were physical things that came into our sight. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when God our Savior demonstrated his kindness and love for people”
3:4 abcg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ὅτε & ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **kindness** and **love**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “when God, who saves us, showed how kind and loving he would be to mankind”
3:4 abch rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 Here the pronoun **our** includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
3:5 l6a6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **righteousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “righteous works” or “good deeds”
3:5 n4ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns κατὰ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **mercy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because he wanted to be merciful”
3:5 k1a6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor λουτροῦ παλινγενεσίας 1 Paul combines two metaphors here. He is speaking of God’s forgiveness for sinners as if he were physically **washing** them clean from their sin. He is also speaking of sinners who become responsive to God as if they experience a **new birth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “being forgiven from sin, born again spiritually,”
3:6 fby9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οὗ ἐξέχεεν ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς πλουσίως, 1 It is common for New Testament writers to speak of the Holy Spirit as a liquid that God can pour out in large amounts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “whom God gave to us generously”
3:6 xy24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμᾶς 1 Here the pronoun **us** includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
3:6 q9ze διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν 1 Alternate translation: “because of what our Savior Jesus Christ did for us”
3:6 xy23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 Here the pronoun **our** includes Paul, Titus, and all believers.
3:7 qe39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Here, **so that** marks becoming **heirs** of **eternal life** as the goal or purpose for why God gave us the Holy Spirit (verse 6). Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
3:7 di3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive δικαιωθέντες 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “since God has declared us to be without sin”
3:7 ievx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῇ ἐκείνου χάριτι 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **grace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “by the gracious gift of that one” or “by what that one freely did for us”
3:7 yrwd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns ἐκείνου 1 Here, **that one** refers back to “our Savior Jesus Christ” in verse 6. If it would be helpful in your language, you could repeat that name here. Alternate translation: “of Jesus”
3:7 q1cm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor κληρονόμοι γενηθῶμεν, κατ’ ἐλπίδα ζωῆς αἰωνίου 1 The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit the things promised, just as a person inherits property or possessions from a family member. Alternate translation: “we might expect to receive the eternal life that God has promised us”
3:8 j8md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns ὁ λόγος 1 **This message** is the one just expressed in verses 4–7, that God freely gives the Holy Spirit and eternal life to believers through Jesus. Alternate translation: “this saying”
3:8 xy29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns τούτων 1 Here, **these things** refers to the teachings that Paul has talked about in verses 1–7. Alternate translation: “these teachings that I have just talked about”
3:8 kqm6 φροντίζωσιν καλῶν ἔργων, προΐστασθαι 1 Alternate translation: “may diligently seek to do good works”
3:8 gdx0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations τοῖς ἀνθρώποις 1 Although the term **men** is maculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “for all people”
3:9 j1hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ & περιΐστασο 1 The word **But** here indicates a contrast between good things to do (verse 8) and bad things to avoid doing (verse 9). In your translation, indicate this contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “In contrast, avoid”
3:9 qk66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit γενεαλογίας 1 The word **genealogies** refers to the study of family kinship relationships. See the Introduction to Titus for more information. Paul assumes that Titus will understand that he means for Titus to avoid arguing about genealogies. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “arguing about genealogies”
3:9 xu7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἔρεις 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **strife**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “arguing with people” or “fighting with people”
3:9 ky3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit νομικὰς 1 Paul assumes that Titus will understand that he is referring to the law of Moses, not Roman law. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “about the law of Moses”
3:10 x3fh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit αἱρετικὸν ἄνθρωπον & παραιτοῦ 1 The implication is that this person is causing division in the church. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Stay away from a person who causes division in the church”
3:10 xzx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μετὰ μίαν καὶ δευτέραν νουθεσίαν 1 The implication is that Titus should warn the person who is causing division. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “after you have warned that person once or twice”
3:11 r7pc ὁ τοιοῦτος 1 Alternate translation: “a person like that”
3:11 inh5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐξέστραπται 1 Paul speaks of someone who chooses to do wrong things as if he were leaving the **right** path to walk in the wrong direction. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “has stopped doing what is right”
3:12 mba6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὅταν πέμψω Ἀρτεμᾶν πρὸς σὲ ἢ Τυχικόν 1 The implication is that Titus should come to Nicopolis after either Artemas or Tychicus arrives to where Titus is. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “After I send Artemas or Tychicus and he arrives to you”
3:12 c32w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ἀρτεμᾶν & Τυχικόν 1 **Artemas** and **Tychicus** are names of men.
3:12 knt1 σπούδασον ἐλθεῖν 1 Alternate translation: “do your best to come”
3:12 xy30 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σπούδασον 1 The verb **hurry** is singular and directed at Titus alone. Artemas or Tychicus would stay in Crete, probably to take Titus’ place.
3:13 mi7t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σπουδαίως πρόπεμψον 1 Implikasinya di sini adalah **Rajin mengirim** orang-orang ini berarti membantu dan memperlengkapi mereka. Anda dapat memasukkan informasi ini jika itu berguna bagi pembaca Anda. Terjemahan lain: “Berikan perbekalan untuk bepergian”
3:13 a46f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ζηνᾶν & Ἀπολλῶν 1 **Zenos** dan **Apollos** adalah nama pria.
3:13 s757 καὶ Ἀπολλῶν 1 Terjemahan lain: “dan juga Apolos”
3:13 h3an rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα μηδὲν αὐτοῖς λείπῃ 1 Di sini, **sehingga** menunjukkan cara Titus mengirim orang-orang ini. Terjemahan lain: “sedemikian rupa sehingga mereka tidak kekurangan apa pun”
3:13 xy31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives ἵνα μηδὲν αὐτοῖς λείπῃ 1 Anda dapat menyatakan hal ini secara positif. Terjemahan lain: “sehingga mereka mempunyai semua yang mereka perlukan”
3:14 fw98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οἱ ἡμέτεροι 1 Di sini, **milik kita** mengacu pada orang-orang percaya di Kreta. Terjemahan lain: “orang kita sendiri”
3:14 xy33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive οἱ ἡμέτεροι 1 Di sini kata ganti **kami** mencakup Paulus dan Titus. Bentuknya harus ganda atau inklusif jika bahasa Anda menunjukkan perbedaan ini.
3:14 tn24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰς τὰς ἀναγκαίας χρείας 1 Di sini **kebutuhan esensial** mengacu pada hal-hal yang harus dimiliki seseorang agar dapat hidup. Anda dapat memasukkan informasi ini jika itu berguna bagi pembaca Anda. Terjemahan lain: “yang memungkinkan mereka membantu orang-orang yang kekurangan hal-hal yang diperlukan”
3:14 mji4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι 1 Paulus berbicara tentang orang-orang yang melakukan pekerjaan baik seolah-olah mereka adalah pohon yang menghasilkan buah yang baik. Terjemahan lain: “agar mereka tidak menjalani kehidupan yang sia-sia”
3:14 xy32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι 1 Anda dapat menyatakan hal ini secara positif. Terjemahan lain: “supaya mereka bisa berbuah” atau “supaya dengan cara ini mereka bisa produktif”
3:15 abci rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ἀσπάζονταί σε 1 Here, **you** is singular. This is a personal greeting to Titus.
3:15 k1sa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ μετ’ ἐμοῦ πάντες 1 Alternate translation: “All the people who are with me” or “All of the believers who are here with me”
3:15 f4vc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς ἐν πίστει 1 Here, **in faith** is an idiom that refers to those who share the same faith. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the believers who love us because we share the same belief” or “all those who love us and believe as we do”
3:15 xy35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμᾶς 1 Here the pronoun **us** is probably exclusive and refers to Paul and the group of believers with him. Paul is sending greetings from this group to the group of believers that is with Titus on Crete.
3:15 kx83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing ἡ χάρις μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν 1 This was a common Christian greeting and is also a blessing. Express this in a form that would be understood as a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: “May God’s grace be with you” or “I ask that God will be gracious to all of you”
3:15 xy34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ὑμῶν 1 Here the pronoun **you** is plural. This blessing is for Titus and for all of the believers there in Crete.
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